Tie-dye is a modern term created in the mid-1960s in the U.s.a for a group of traditional resist-dyeing methods, along with the products of these processes. The method of tie-dye usually comprises of folding, twisting, pleating, or crimpling fabric or a item of clothing and binding with string or elasticbands, followed by administering of dye(s). The manipulations of the fabric before administration of dye are referred to as resists, as they partially or completely inhibit the applied dye from coloring the fabric. More complicated tie-dyes incorporate even more steps, featuring an initial application of dye preceding the resist, several sequential dye and resist steps, and the use of other types of resists (stitching, stencils) and discharge.
Distinct from ordinary resist-dyeing methods, tie-dye is characterized by the use of rich, saturated primary colors and bold patterns. These patterns, including the spiral, mandala, and peace sign, and the use of multiple bold colors, have come to be cliched since the height of popularity of tie-dye in the 60's and 1970s. The vast majority of currently created tie-dyes utilize these designs, and most are mass-produced for wholesale tie dye clothing usa [1] distribution. Having said that, a new attraction in more 'sophisticated' tie-dye is surfacing in the fashion industry, identified by simple motifs, monochromatic color schemes, and a focus on stylish garments and fabrics other than cotton. A few specialists still pursue tie-dye as an art form as opposed to a commodity.
A selection of dyes can be used in tie-dyeing, including things like household, fiber reactive, acid, and vat dyes. Most early (1960s) tie-dyes were made with retail household dyes, particularly those made by Rit. So as to be practical on distinctive fibers, these kinds of dyes are comprised of several different dyes, and therefore are much less effective, and more likely to bleed and fade, than pure dyes designed for certain fibers. This is the basis for the well-known 'pink socks' phenomenon that occurs when fabrics dyed with mixed dyes are washed with other garments. Most tie-dyes are now dyed with Procion MX fiber reactive dyes, a class of dyes effective on cellulose fibers for example, cotton, hemp, rayon, and linen. This class of dyes reacts with fibers at basic (high) pH, forming a wash-fast, irreversible bond. Soda ash (sodium carbonate) is the most common agent used to increase the pH and initiate the reaction, and is either added directly to the dye, or in a solution of water where garments are soaked right before dyeing. Procion dyes are very safe and easy to use, and are the same dyes used commercially to color cellulosic fabrics.
Protein-based fibers for instance, silk, wool, and feathers, and also the synthetic polyamide fiber, nylon, can be dyed with acid dyes. As may be expected from the name, acid dyes are effective at acidic (low) pH, where they form ionic bonds with the fiber. Acid dyes are also relatively safe (some are employed as food dyes) and simple to use. Vat dyes, including indigo, are a third class of dyes that are generally effective on cellulosic fibers and silk. Vat dyes are insoluble in water in their unreduced form, and the vat dye must be chemically reduced before they can be used to color fabric. This is accomplished by heating the dye in a strongly basic solution of sodium hydroxide (lye) or sodium carbonate (caustic potash) containing a reducing agent such as sodium hydrosulfite or thiourea dioxide. The fabric is immersed in the dye bath, and right after removal the vat dye oxidizes to its insoluble form, binding with high wash-fastness to the fiber. Despite this, vat dyes, and especially indigo, should be treated after dyeing by 'soaping' to stop the dye from rubbing (crocking) off. Vat dyes can be used to simultaneously dye the fabric and to remove underlying fiber-reactive dye (i.e., can dye a black cotton fabric yellow) because of the bleaching action of the reducing bath. The extra complexity and safety issues (particularly when using strong bases such as lye) restrict use of vat dyes in tie-dye to specialists.
Discharge agents are used to bleach color from previously-dyed fabrics, and can be used in a sort of reverse tie-dye. Household bleach (sodium hypochlorite) can be used to discharge fiber reactive dyes on bleach-resistant fibers for instance, cotton or hemp (but not on wool or silk), though the results vary, as some fiber reactive dyes are more resistant to bleach than others. It is necessary to bleach only as long as needed to obtain the desired shade, and to neutralize the bleach with agents such as sodium bisulfite, to avoid damage to the fibers. Thiourea dioxide is another commonly used discharge agent that can be used on cotton, wool, or silk. A thiourea dioxide discharge bath is made with hot water is made gently basic with sodium carbonate. The results of thiourea dioxide discharge differ significantly from bleach discharge. Discharge methods, especially using household bleach, are an easily accessible way to tie-dye without use of often messy and fairly expensive dyes.
Tie-dyeing was really understood in the US from 1909, when Professor Charles E. Pellow of Columbia University obtained a number of samples of tie-dyed muslin and consequently provided a lecture and onsite demo of the practice.
Despite the fact that shibori and batik techniques were used occasionally in Western chic well before the 1960s, more modern psychedelic tie-dying did not emerge as a fad up till the late 1960s following the example set by rock stars which includes Janis Joplin and John Sebastian (who did his very own dyeing). The 2011 film documentary Magic Trip, which reveals amateur film footage taken during the 1964 cross-country tour bus journey of countercultural icon Ken Kesey and his Merry Pranksters, shows the travelers designing a kind of tie-dye by taking LSD near a pond and spilling enamel-based model aircraft paint into it, before putting a white T-shirt upon the top of the water. Although the process is closer to paper marbling, in the accompanying story, the travelers claim credit for inventing tie-dyeing.
Tie-dying, especially after the intro of inexpensive Rit dyes, became popular as a low-priced and easily accessible way to customise cheap T-shirts, singlets, dresses, denims, army surplus clothing, and other garments into psychedelic productions. Some of the popular labels in tie-dye at this particular time were Water Baby Dye Works (run by Ann Thomas and Maureen Mubeem), Bert Bliss, and Up Tied, the latter earning a Coty Award for "major creativity in fabrics" in 1970. Up Tied designed tie-dyed velvets and silk chiffons that were used for exclusive one-of-a-kind garments by Halston, Donald Brooks, and Gayle Kirkpatrick, whilst one other tie-dyer, Smooth Tooth Inc. dyed clothing for Dior and Jonathan Logan. In late 1960s London, Gordon Deighton created tie-dyed tops and pants for young trendy men that he sold through the Simpsons of Piccadilly dept . store in London.
Groovy Blueberry is an example of a small business which provides locally crafted tie dye clothing. Based in the town of New Paltz NY, which has a sizable hippy community as well as a thriving student population. Groovy Blueberry supports several local artisans and is well known throughout the USA and internationally as the premium manufacturer of quality tie dye clothing. Many of the designs are really one-of-a-kind to Groovy Blueberry and their specialist knowledge in tie dye techniques is exactly what makes them stand apart as a provider of tie dye items. To this end you can discover Groovy Blueberry product lines at several stores throughout the U.s.a and internationally.
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